Three-dimensional interfacial fracture analysis of a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal coating

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) interfacial fracture is analyzed in a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystal (QC) coating structure under mechanical loading. A planar interface crack with arbitrary shape is studied by a displacement discontinuity method. Fundamental solutions of interfacial concentrated displacement discontinuities are obtained by the Hankel transform technique, and the corresponding boundary integral-differential equations are constructed with the superposition principle. Green’s functions of constant interfacial displacement discontinuities within a rectangular element are derived, and a boundary element method is proposed for numerical simulation. The singularity of stresses near the crack front is investigated, and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) as well as energy release rates (ERRs) are determined. Finally, relevant influencing factors on the fracture behavior are discussed.     

γ-Fe2O3纳米颗粒尺寸及碳化气氛对碳化过程的影响

采用油酸铁热分解法制备出不同尺寸（4-19 nm）的γ-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒，在350℃下，于5%CO/He、 5%CO/10%H₂/He和5%CO/20%H₂/He的三种气氛中，使用原位XRD反应装置研究了γ-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒的碳化过程与物相变化规律，同时结合Raman、CO-TPR和TEM等手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明，γ-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒完全碳化后会形成稳定比例的χ-Fe5C2和θ-Fe₃C的混合相；在相同碳化气氛下，随γ-Fe₂O₃颗粒尺寸增大完全碳化所需时间缩短，尺寸较小的γ-Fe₂O₃颗粒表面残留炭较多，会抑制碳化反应进程，碳化相中θ-Fe₃C相对含量随γ-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒尺寸增大而增高；相同尺寸的γ-Fe₂     

基于真实情境的高中化学作业设计——化学中常用的实验方法

依据课程标准,围绕核心素养,通过实例阐述了“双新”背景下基于真实情境的高中化学作业的设计。从生活-生产、学术研究、化学实验、化学史实、教材和跨学科等6个方面挖掘真实情境,精心组织问题,进行作业设计,突出作业对落实核心素养的功能价值。     

Low Bandgap 2D Perovskite Single Crystal with Anomalous-large Charges/ions Collection Ratio for Ultra-sensitive and Stable X-ray Detectors

The low-dimensional halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their improved moisture stability, reduced defects, and suppressed ions migration in many optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, X-ray detectors, and so on. However, they are still limited by their large band gap and short charge carriers’ diffusion length. Here, we demonstrate that the introduction of metal ions into organic interlayers of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite by cross-linking the copper paddle-wheel cluster-based lead bromide ([Cu(O₂C−(CH₂)₃−NH₃)₂]PbBr₄) perovskite single crystals with coordination bonds can not only significantly reduce the perovskite band gap to 0.96 eV to boost the X-ray induced charge carriers, but can also selectively improve the charge carriers’ transport along the out-of-plane direction and blocking the ions motion paths. The [Cu(O₂C−(CH₂)₃−NH₃)₂]PbBr₄ single-crystal device can reach a record charges/ions collection ratio of 1.69×10¹⁸±4.7 % μGy_air⁻¹ s, and exhibit a large sensitivity of 1.14×10⁵±7% μC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻² with the lowest detectable dose rate of 56 nGy_air s⁻¹ under 120 keV X-rays irradiation. In addition, [Cu(O₂C−(CH₂)₃−NH₃)₂]PbBr₄ single-crystal detector exposed to the air without any encapsulation shows excellent X-ray imaging capability with long-term operational stability without any attenuation of 120 days.     

基于3-氧醚乙酸-邻苯二酸和N-辅助配体的锌和镉配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

水热法合成得到2个配合物,{[Zn7(L)4(bpe)2(μ3-OH)2(H2O)8]·4H2O}n(1),和{[Cd3(L)2(bpy)2.5(H2O)]·5.5H2O}n(2)(H3L=3-(carboxymethoxy)benzene-1,2-dioic acid,bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethene,bpy=4,4′-bipyridine),并采用元素分析、红外光谱、热重和X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行表征。配合物1中,配体L3-和bpe连接[Zn5(μ3-OH)2]中心形成一维链,这样的链通过氢键连接成三维的超分子结构。配合物2呈现(3,3,6)连接的网状结构。此外,对配合物1和2的荧光性质进行了研究。     

氮掺杂有序介孔碳-Ni纳米复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以F127为模板剂,Ni Cl2为镍源,尿素为氮源,间苯二酚甲醛原位聚合树脂为碳源,分别采用均相法和两相法制备Ni-NOMC-1,Ni-N-OMC-2纳米复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试结果表明,复合材料具有有序介孔结构,Ni以金属微粒形式嵌于碳骨架中,提高了有序介孔碳的石墨化程度。X射线光电子能谱测试(XPS)表明尿素热解后以4种形式存在:sp3杂化与C结合的N原子,吡啶N原子,sp2杂化与C结合的N原子以及quaternary-N原子。Ni-N的共改性改变了碳载体的理化性质,有利于Pt纳米粒子的负载与分散。均相法制备的Ni-N-OMC-1复合材料微波负载Pt后,氧还原极限电流密度为5.32 m A·cm-2,氢氧化电化学活性面积高达138.53 m2·g-1,电化学催化活性优于商业20%Pt/C材料(4.49 m A·cm-2,96.98 m2·g-1)。     

Pt/MIL-101(Cr)在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中的催化性能

采用简单易行的浸渍法将Pt纳米粒子负载到MIL-101(Cr)上,制备了Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂,并对其在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应的催化性能进行了研究。XRD、N₂吸附、TEM和催化性能的研究结果表明,Pt的负载量对负载于MIL-101(Cr)上Pt纳米粒子的尺寸及所制备催化剂对肉桂醇的选择性有很大影响。低Pt负载量(1.0%)的Pt/MIL-101(Cr)较其他MOFs和无机材料在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中表现出了高的催化性能,在优化的反应条件下肉桂醛转化率和对肉桂醇的选择性可分别达96.5%和86.2%。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂具有良好的稳定性。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)所表现出的优良的催化性能同MIL-101(Cr)载体的孔道结构及其表面性质密切相关。     

基于两个取代四甲基环戊二烯基配体的金属羰基化合物的合成及晶体结构(英文)

配体[C5Me4HR][R=4-Br Ph(1),(Me C5H3N)CH2(2)]分别与Mo(CO)6,Ru3(CO)12和Fe(CO)5在二甲苯中加热回流,得到了6个双核配合物trans-[η5-C5Me4R]2Mo2(CO)6(3,4),trans-[(η5-C5Me4R)Ru(CO)(μ-CO)]2(5,6)和trans-[η5-(C5Me4R)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]2(7,8)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对配合物的结构进行了表征,并用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了配合物3,5,6和8的结构。     

松香基季铵盐为模板剂有序超微孔二氧化硅的合成

以松香基季铵盐(脱氢枞基三甲基溴化铵,标记为DTAB)为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯为硅源、氨水为碱性介质成功合成出具有纳米片状形貌的六方有序超微孔二氧化硅材料。采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、扫描电镜等手段对样品进行表征,结果表明,体系中模板剂添加量、硅源添加量、碱性介质添加量、晶化温度、搅拌时间对前驱体的有序度有着较大的影响。当物质的量之比为nSi O2∶nDTAB∶nNH3·H2O∶nH2O=1.0∶0.1∶11.3∶924.0,晶化温度为373 K,搅拌时间为24 h,所得样品有序度最高。经煅烧后样品具有较大的比表面积(1 024 m2·g-1)和孔容(0.56 cm3·g-1),以及狭窄的孔径分布(集中于1.80 nm)。     

含硫柔性二苯甲酸及氮杂环配体的Zn(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及晶体结构

以2,2′-二硫代二苯甲酸、2,2′-联吡啶、咪唑、硝酸锌和硝酸锰为原料,使用水热方法合成了配合物[Zn(EBLA)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)](EBLA=2,2′-二苯甲酸硫醚)(2,2′-bipy=2,2′-联吡啶)(1),自然挥发法制备了配合物[Mn(EBSA)(im)2(H2O)]n(EBSA=2,2′-二硫代二苯甲酸)(im=咪唑)(2)。利用元素分析、红外和热重分析对其进行了表征。利用X-射线单晶衍射对结构进行了测定,并研究了配合物1的荧光性质。配合物1中,2,2′-二苯甲酸硫醚是通过水热方法由2,2′-二硫代二苯甲酸发生原位反应制备,Zn2+离子是五配位的四角锥双核结构;配合物2中,Mn2+离子是六配位的变形八面体一维链状结构。配合物中存在氢键和π-π堆积等弱的分子间作用力。